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QRZ! Ham Radio 8
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TNC1DCD.TXT
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1989-02-24
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164 lines
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(C) 15 DEC 88
Eric Gustafson
2018 S. Avenida Planeta
Tucson, AZ 85710
MODIFICATIONS TO TNC-1 DATA CARRIER DETECTOR (DCD) CIRCUIT
These modifications are to allow TNC-1 modem operation with
a narrow IF filter on HF.
NOTE! For 1200 baud HF work on 10 meters, the normal 2.4
KHz SSB filter constitutes a "narrow" filter for
the demodulator.
There are three objectives to these modifications:
1. Provide threshold control for the DCD circuit. This
allows the operator to adjust the demodulator to
compensate for the DCD threshold shift which accompanies
bandwidth limiting the audio fed to the demodulator when
a narrow filter is used in the radio. This also allows
the operator to adjust the DCD threshold for operation
at 1200 baud on VHF FM to prevent excessive DCD falsing
when using unsquelched audio.
2. Add hysteresis to the Data Carrier Detector. This
reduces the DCD's sensitivity to noise. It does this
WITHOUT DEGRADING DCD ACQUISITION TIME for a valid data
carrier. It also prevents short glitches from appearing
at the DCD output on attack and release.
3. Add DCD hang time on release. This is to keep DCD valid
through a short multipath hit in the middle of a packet.
Without this, a TNC watching the DCD line waiting to
transmit will key up before the other station is
finished sending its packet. Currently, this happens
very frequently on HF packet channels. Again, this
benefit is gained WITHOUT DEGRADING DCD ACQUISITION TIME
for a valid packet.
The MFJ-1278 is currently the only commercially available
TNC I know of for HF packet use which has a modem that is
truly optimized for the mode in this respect. The
modifications given here will upgrade the modem in your
TNC-1 to the level of DCD performance of the 1278 modem.
Any manufacturers of the TNC-1 can feel free to incorporate
this change into their hardware if they wish without
incurring any obligation to myself or TAPR. I am available
to answer any quetions in this area.
STEP BY STEP MODIFICATION
1. Remove the 470 K resistor at R48. Be careful not to
damage the circuit board pads or traces as they will be
needed later in the modification.
2. Form a parallel network consisting of a 180 K resistor
and a 0.01 microfarad cap. Make this network as compact
as possible as it will have to fit underneath the
circuit board. Solder this network in place under the
board. One end goes to pin 3 and the other to pin 6 of
the 2211 socket (U18).
3. Under the circuit board, connect a 4.7 K resistor from
U18 pin 1 (+12 V) to U18 pin 6.
4. As close to U18 pin 5 as possible, isolate U18 pin 5
from the circuit by cutting traces to this pin.
5. Remove R50 from the circuit board.
6. Mount a 14 pin IC socket in the wire wrap area of the
TNC-1 circuit board. This socket will be used to hold
a 74HC14 HEX schmitt trigger to be used for the DCD
"Hang Time" circuit. This IC will be called UX.
7. Connect UX pin 14 to the +5 volt rail.
8. Connect UX pin 7 to the ground rail.
9. Connect a 10 K resistor from UX pin 1 to the +5 volt
rail.
10. Under the board, solder a jumper wire from U18 pin 5 to
UX pin 1.
11. Form a parallel network consisting of a 1N4148 or
equivalent diode and a 220 K resistor. Connect this
network between UX pin 2 and UX pin 3 (cathode end of
diode to pin 3).
12. Connect a 2.2 uF electrolytic capacitor from UX pin 3
to the ground rail (negative side of cap to ground).
13. Connect UX pins 11 and 13 to UX pin 1.
14. Connect UX pins 10 and 12 to UX pin 2.
15. Connect UX pin 4 to UX pin 5.
16. Connect UX pin 6 to UX pin 9.
17. Under the board, solder a jumper wire between UX pin 8
and U32 pin 4.
18. In the wire wrap area, mount a 2N3904 or equivalent
transistor. This will be called QX.
19. Connect QX emitter to the ground rail.
20. Connect a 10 K resistor from QX base to UX pin 4.
21. Under the board, solder a jumper wire from QX collector
to the TNC-1's modem disconnect header pin 18.
22. Solder one end of a 39 K resistor into the R48 pad
which is connected to U18 pin 3 (stand resistor body up
above the board).
23. Mount a 100 K linear taper potentiometer (pot) on the
TNC cabinet front panel. This will be used as the DCD
threshold control.
23. Set the pot to its maximum counter clockwise rotation.
Measure the resistance to the remaining arms of the
pot. Solder a wire between the one which measures zero
ohms and the remaining unused pad at R48. Short the
remaining arm to the wiper.
26. Check all the solder connections and install the 74HC14
in the socket at UX.
When operating a TNC with a DCD threshold control, set the
control so that the DCD LED on the front panel flashes
occasionally when there is no signal present. The "false
DCD" duty cycle should be approximately 20 percent.
When operating VHF FM with the radio squelched, the DCD will
not false. If you MUST operate with the radio squelched
(thus incurring the penalty of the additional delay time of
the squelch circuit), set the threshold fully clockwise as
described below.
The audio bandwidth of some VHF FM radios is so wide that
the DCD will not false regardless of the threshold control
setting. This will almost always be true when the audio is
obtained ahead of the radio's squelch controled stage before
deemphasis. For these radios simply turn the control fully
clockwise. This sets the DCD to maximum sensitivity. DCD
operation will not be impaired.
This completes the TNC-1 modem modification.
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